Changes between Version 1 and Version 2 of TracFineGrainedPermissions

Timestamp:

Jul 30, 2013, 8:39:06 PM (11 years ago)

Author:

trac

Comment:

--

TracFineGrainedPermissions

@@ -1 @@
-= 粒度が細かいパーミッション = #Finegrainedpermissions
-
-Trac 0.11 より前は、リポジトリブラウザ サブシステムだけで「粒度が細かいパーミッション (fine grained permissions)」を定義することができました。
-
-0.11 以降、カスタマイズしたパーミッションポリシーのプラグインを各所に使用するための共通のメカニズムが導入されたので、すべての種類の Trac リソースのあらゆるアクションについて、そのリソースの特定バージョンのレベルまで含めて許可/拒否を設定できるようになりました。
-
-== パーミッションポリシー == #PermissionPolicies
-
-=== !AuthzPolicy === #AuthzPolicy
-
-ポリシーの例として、 Authz 形式のシステムを基にしたポリシーが追加されました。詳しくは、
-[http://trac.edgewall.org/browser/trunk/sample-plugins/permissions/authz_policy.py] を参照してください (現在のバージョンは Python 2.4 以降でないと動きません)。 (より多くの例が [http://trac.edgewall.org/browser/trunk/sample-plugins/permissions] にあります。)
-
- - [http://www.voidspace.org.uk/python/configobj.html ConfigObj] をインストール (必須)
- - authz_policy.py を plugins ディレクトリにコピーする
- - [http://swapoff.org/files/authzpolicy.conf authzpolicy.conf] ファイルをどこか (できれば、 Web サーバ起動ユーザ以外が読み取りできないセキュアな領域) に置く。
- - `trac.ini` ファイルをアップデートする:
+[[PageOutline(2-5, Contents, floated)]]
+= Fine grained permissions =
+
+Before Trac 0.11, it was only possible to define fine-grained permissions checks on the repository browser sub-system.
+
+Since 0.11, there's a general mechanism in place that allows custom **permission policy plugins** to grant or deny any action on any kind of Trac resources, even at the level of specific versions of such resources.
+
+Note that for Trac 0.12, `authz_policy` has been integrated as an optional module (in `tracopt.perm.authz_policy.*`), so it's installed by default and can simply be activated via the //Plugins// panel in the Trac administration module.
+
+
+== Permission Policies ==
+
+A great diversity of permission policies can be implemented, and Trac comes with a few examples. 
+
+Which policies are currently active is determined by a configuration setting in TracIni:
+e.g.
+{{{
+[trac]
+permission_policies = AuthzSourcePolicy, DefaultPermissionPolicy, LegacyAttachmentPolicy
+}}}
+This lists the [#AuthzSourcePolicy] described below as the first policy, followed by the !DefaultPermissionPolicy which checks for the traditional coarse grained style permissions described in TracPermissions, and the !LegacyAttachmentPolicy which knows how to use the coarse grained permissions for checking the permissions available on attachments.
+
+Among the possible optional choices, there is [#AuthzPolicy], a very generic permission policy, based on an Authz-style system. See
+[trac:source:branches/0.12-stable/tracopt/perm/authz_policy.py authz_policy.py] for details. 
+
+Another popular permission policy [#AuthzSourcePolicy], re-implements the pre-0.12 support for checking fine-grained permissions limited to Subversion repositories in terms of the new system.
+
+See also [trac:source:branches/0.12-stable/sample-plugins/permissions sample-plugins/permissions] for more examples.
+
+
+=== !AuthzPolicy === 
+==== Configuration ====
+* Install [http://www.voidspace.org.uk/python/configobj.html ConfigObj] (still needed for 0.12).
+* Copy authz_policy.py into your plugins directory (only for Trac 0.11).
+* Put a [http://swapoff.org/files/authzpolicy.conf authzpolicy.conf] file somewhere, preferably on a secured location on the server, not readable for others than the webuser. If the  file contains non-ASCII characters, the UTF-8 encoding should be used.
+* Update your `trac.ini`:
+  1. modify the [TracIni#trac-section permission_policies] entry in the `[trac]` section
 {{{
 [trac]
 ...
 permission_policies = AuthzPolicy, DefaultPermissionPolicy, LegacyAttachmentPolicy
-
+}}}
+  1. add a new `[authz_policy]` section
+{{{
 [authz_policy]
 authz_file = /some/trac/env/conf/authzpolicy.conf
-
+}}}
+  1. enable the plugin through [/admin/general/plugin WebAdmin] or by editing the `[components]` section
+{{{
 [components]
 ...
-authz_policy = enabled
-}}}
-
-パーミッションポリシーを指定する順序はとても重要です。
-ポリシーは設定された順序で評価されます。
-
-個々のポリシーはパーミッションチェックに対して `True`, `False`, `None` を返します。
-戻り値が `None` の場合のみ ''次の'' パーミッションポリシーに問い合わせを行います。
-どのポリシーも明示的にパーミッションを許可しない場合、最終的な結果は `False` になります
-(つまり、権限なしとみなされます)。
-
-例えば、 `authz_file` が次の内容を含み:
+# Trac 0.12
+tracopt.perm.authz_policy.* = enabled
+# for Trac 0.11 use this
+#authz_policy.* = enabled 
+}}}
+
+
+==== Usage Notes ====
+Note that the order in which permission policies are specified is quite critical, 
+as policies will be examined in the sequence provided.
+
+A policy will return either `True`, `False` or `None` for a given permission check. `True` is returned if the policy explicitly grants the permission. `False` is returned if the policy explicitly denies the permission. `None` is returned if the policy is unable to either grant or deny the permission.
+
+NOTE: Only if the return value is `None` will the ''next'' permission policy be consulted.
+If none of the policies explicitly grants the permission, the final result will be `False` 
+(i.e. permission denied).
+
+The `authzpolicy.conf` file is a `.ini` style configuration file:
+{{{
+[wiki:PrivatePage@*]
+john = WIKI_VIEW, !WIKI_MODIFY
+jack = WIKI_VIEW
+* =
+}}}
+* Each section of the config is a glob pattern used to match against a Trac resource
+  descriptor. These descriptors are in the form:
+{{{
+<realm>:<id>@<version>[/<realm>:<id>@<version> ...]
+}}}
+  Resources are ordered left to right, from parent to child. If any
+  component is inapplicable, `*` is substituted. If the version pattern is
+  not specified explicitely, all versions (`@*`) is added implicitly
+
+  Example: Match the WikiStart page
+{{{
+[wiki:*]
+[wiki:WikiStart*]
+[wiki:WikiStart@*]
+[wiki:WikiStart]
+}}}
+
+  Example: Match the attachment `wiki:WikiStart@117/attachment/FOO.JPG@*`
+  on WikiStart
+{{{
+[wiki:*]
+[wiki:WikiStart*]
+[wiki:WikiStart@*]
+[wiki:WikiStart@*/attachment/*]
+[wiki:WikiStart@117/attachment/FOO.JPG]
+}}}
+
+* Sections are checked against the current Trac resource descriptor '''IN ORDER''' of
+  appearance in the configuration file. '''ORDER IS CRITICAL'''.
+
+* Once a section matches, the current username is matched against the keys 
+  (usernames) of the section, '''IN ORDER'''. 
+  * If a key (username) is prefixed with a `@`, it is treated as a group. 
+  * If a value (permission) is prefixed with a `!`, the permission is
+    denied rather than granted.
+
+  The username will match any of 'anonymous', 'authenticated', <username> or '*', using normal Trac permission rules. || '''Note:''' Other groups which are created by user (e.g. by 'adding subjects to groups' on web interface page //Admin / Permissions//) cannot be used. See [trac:ticket:5648 #5648] for details about this missing feature ||
+
+For example, if the `authz_file` contains:
 {{{
 [wiki:WikiStart@*]
@@ -44 +119 @@
 [wiki:PrivatePage@*]
 john = WIKI_VIEW
-* =
-}}}
-デフォルトパーミッションが次のような内容の場合:
+* = !WIKI_VIEW
+}}}
+and the default permissions are set like this:
 {{{
 john           WIKI_VIEW
 jack           WIKI_VIEW
-# anonymous に WIKI_VIEW は付与されていない
-}}}
-
-パーミッションは以下の通りとなります:
- - WikiStart の全てのバージョンは、 (匿名ユーザも含む) 全員が閲覧できます。
- - !PrivatePage は john が表示可能です。
- - 他のページは john と jack が表示可能です。
-
-
-=== mod_authz_svn ライクなパーミッションポリシー === #mod_authz_svn-likepermissionpolicy
-
-この文書が書かれている時点では、 Trac 0.10 以前にリポジトリへの厳密なアクセス制御に使用されていた、古い「粒度が細かいパーミッション」システムは、まだパーミッションポリシーのコンポーネントにコンバートされていません。しかし、ユーザの視点では、実現できる機能に大きな違いはありません。
-
-「粒度が細かいパーミッション」の制御に定義ファイルを必要とします。この定義ファイルは Subversion の mod_authz_svn で使用しているものを使います。
-このファイルの形式と Subversion での用法に関する情報は [http://svnbook.red-bean.com/svnbook/book.html#svn-ch-6-sect-4.4.2 Subversion Book (ディレクトリごとのアクセス制御)] を参照してください。
-
-例:
+# anonymous has no WIKI_VIEW
+}}}
+
+Then: 
+  * All versions of WikiStart will be viewable by everybody (including anonymous)
+  * !PrivatePage will be viewable only by john
+  * other pages will be viewable only by john and jack
+
+Groups:
+{{{
+[groups]
+admins = john, jack
+devs = alice, bob
+
+[wiki:Dev@*]
+@admins = TRAC_ADMIN
+@devs = WIKI_VIEW
+* =
+
+[*]
+@admins = TRAC_ADMIN
+* =
+}}}
+
+Then:
+- everything is blocked (whitelist approach), but
+- admins get all TRAC_ADMIN everywhere and
+- devs can view wiki pages.
+
+Some repository examples (Browse Source specific):
+{{{
+# A single repository:
+[repository:test_repo@*]
+john = BROWSER_VIEW, FILE_VIEW
+# John has BROWSER_VIEW and FILE_VIEW for the entire test_repo
+
+# All repositories:
+[repository:*@*]
+jack = BROWSER_VIEW, FILE_VIEW
+# John has BROWSER_VIEW and FILE_VIEW for all repositories
+}}}
+
+Very fine grain repository access:
+{{{
+# John has BROWSER_VIEW and FILE_VIEW access to trunk/src/some/location/ only
+[repository:test_repo@*/source:trunk/src/some/location/*@*]
+john = BROWSER_VIEW, FILE_VIEW
+
+
+# John has BROWSER_VIEW and FILE_VIEW access to only revision 1 of all files at trunk/src/some/location only
+[repository:test_repo@*/source:trunk/src/some/location/*@1]
+john = BROWSER_VIEW, FILE_VIEW
+
+
+# John has BROWSER_VIEW and FILE_VIEW access to all revisions of 'somefile' at trunk/src/some/location only 
+[repository:test_repo@*/source:trunk/src/some/location/somefile@*]
+john = BROWSER_VIEW, FILE_VIEW
+
+
+# John has BROWSER_VIEW and FILE_VIEW access to only revision 1 of 'somefile' at trunk/src/some/location only
+[repository:test_repo@*/source:trunk/src/some/location/somefile@1]
+john = BROWSER_VIEW, FILE_VIEW
+}}}
+
+Note: In order for Timeline to work/visible for John, we must add CHANGESET_VIEW to the above permission list.
+
+
+==== Missing Features ====
+Although possible with the !DefaultPermissionPolicy handling (see Admin panel), fine-grained permissions still miss those grouping features (see [trac:ticket:9573 #9573], [trac:ticket:5648 #5648]). Patches are partially available, see forgotten authz_policy.2.patch  part of [trac:ticket:6680 #6680]).
+
+You cannot do the following:
+{{{
+[groups]
+team1 = a, b, c
+team2 = d, e, f
+team3 = g, h, i
+departmentA = team1, team2
+}}}
+
+Permission groups are not supported either. You cannot do the following:
+{{{
+[groups]
+permission_level_1 = WIKI_VIEW, TICKET_VIEW
+permission_level_2  = permission_level_1, WIKI_MODIFY, TICKET_MODIFY
+[*]
+@team1 = permission_level_1
+@team2 = permission_level_2
+@team3 = permission_level_2, TICKET_CREATE
+}}}
+
+=== !AuthzSourcePolicy  (mod_authz_svn-like permission policy) === #AuthzSourcePolicy
+
+At the time of this writing, the old fine grained permissions system from Trac 0.11 and before used for restricting access to the repository has  been converted to a permission policy component, but from the user point of view, this makes little if no difference.
+
+That kind of fine-grained permission control needs a definition file, which is the one used by Subversion's mod_authz_svn. 
+More information about this file format and about its usage in Subversion is available in the  [http://svnbook.red-bean.com/en/1.5/svn.serverconfig.pathbasedauthz.html Path-Based Authorization] section in the Server Configuration chapter of the svn book.
+
+Example:
 {{{
 [/]
@@ -79 +235 @@
 }}}
 
- * '''/''' = ''全員 read アクセスが可能です。これはデフォルトの動作となります''
- * '''/branches/calc/bug-142''' = ''harry は read/write アクセス権を持ち、 sally は read アクセス権のみを持ちます''
- * '''/branches/calc/bug-142/secret''' = ''harry はアクセス権を持たず、 sally は read アクセス権を持ちます (パーミッションはサブフォルダに継承されます)''
-
-==== Trac の設定 ==== #TracConfiguration
-
-「粒度が細かいパーミッション」を有効にするには、 trac.ini ファイルの {{{[trac]}}} セクションに {{{authz_file}}} オプションを __設定しなければなりません__ 。オプションが空値に設定されていたり、そもそも指定されていない場合、パーミッションは適用されません。
+ * '''/''' = ''Everyone has read access by default''
+ * '''/branches/calc/bug-142''' = ''harry has read/write access, sally read only''
+ * '''/branches/calc/bug-142/secret''' = ''harry has no access, sally has read access (inherited as a sub folder permission)''
+
+==== Trac Configuration ====
+
+To activate fine grained permissions you __must__ specify the {{{authz_file}}} option in the {{{[trac]}}} section of trac.ini. If this option is set to null or not specified the permissions will not be used.
 
 {{{
@@ -92 +248 @@
 }}}
 
-`auth_file` 内でシンタックス `[`''modulename''`:/`''some''`/`''path''`]` を使用する場合、以下の設定を追加してください:
+If you want to support the use of the `[`''modulename''`:/`''some''`/`''path''`]` syntax within the `authz_file`, add 
 
 {{{
@@ -98 +254 @@
 }}}
 
-''modulename'' には、 `[trac]` セクション中の `repository_dir` に設定したリポジトリと同じものを設定します。 (訳注: Subversion で `SVNParentPath` を使用して複数のリポジトリをホストしている場合のリポジトリ指定方法です。 ''modulename'' は個々のリポジトリを指します。)
-
-'''Note:''' Authz ファイルで使用するユーザ名と、 Trac で使用するユーザ名は __同じでなければなりません__。
-
-==== Subversion の設定 ==== #SubversionConfiguration
-
-通常は同じアクセスファイルを対応する Subversion リポジトリに適用します。 Apache のディレクティブには以下のように設定してください:
+where ''modulename'' refers to the same repository indicated by the `repository_dir` entry in the `[trac]` section. As an example, if the `repository_dir` entry in the `[trac]` section is {{{/srv/active/svn/blahblah}}}, that would yield the following:
+
+{{{ 
+[trac]
+authz_file = /path/to/svnaccessfile
+authz_module_name = blahblah
+...
+repository_dir = /srv/active/svn/blahblah 
+}}}
+
+where the svn access file, {{{/path/to/svnaccessfile}}}, contains entries such as {{{[blahblah:/some/path]}}}.
+
+'''Note:''' Usernames inside the Authz file __must__ be the same as those used inside trac. 
+
+As of version 0.12, make sure you have ''!AuthzSourcePolicy'' included in the permission_policies list in trac.ini, otherwise the authz permissions file will be ignored.
+
+{{{ 
+[trac]
+permission_policies = AuthzSourcePolicy, DefaultPermissionPolicy, LegacyAttachmentPolicy
+}}}
+
+==== Subversion Configuration ====
+
+The same access file is typically applied to the corresponding Subversion repository using an Apache directive like this:
 {{{
 <Location /repos>
@@ -115 +288 @@
 }}}
 
-複数のプロジェクト Environment において、プロジェクト全体にどのようにアクセス制限を行うかについての情報は [http://trac.edgewall.org/wiki/TracMultipleProjectsSVNAccess] を参照してください。
-
-== TracFineGrainedPermissions を動かすために == #GettingTracFineGrainedPermissionstowork
-
-tracd を使用している場合、新しい設定を読み込ませるために、 Trac を再起動するのを忘れないでください。
+For information about how to restrict access to entire projects in a multiple project environment see [trac:wiki:TracMultipleProjectsSVNAccess]
+
+== Debugging permissions
+In trac.ini set:
+{{{
+[logging]
+log_file = trac.log
+log_level = DEBUG
+log_type = file
+}}}
+
+And watch:
+{{{
+tail -n 0 -f log/trac.log | egrep '\[perm\]|\[authz_policy\]'
+}}}
+
+to understand what checks are being performed. See the sourced documentation of the plugin for more info.
+
 
 ----
-See also: TracPermissions
-http://trac-hacks.org/wiki/FineGrainedPageAuthzEditorPlugin は設定を編集するプラグインです。
+See also: TracPermissions,
+[http://trac-hacks.org/wiki/FineGrainedPageAuthzEditorPlugin TracHacks:FineGrainedPageAuthzEditorPlugin] for a simple editor plugin.